{N}10. THE PERSON 100 OF JESUS, JESUS AND MARY.{/}
  
{N}100{/} After speaking so many times through the prophets, God spoke one {N}last time {/}through his Son ([Heb_1,1]) when the fullness of time had come ([Gal_4,4]). Jesus is the only and eternal{N} Son{/} ([Col_1,13] - [Col_1,15]), the {N}Word{/} who is in God and is God present to the Father ([Jn_1,1]; [Rev_19,13]).
  
{N}101{/} The Son of God{N} became man{/} ([Jn_1,14]). Jesus, true man and not an apparition, nor God disguised as human, took the form of a slave and died on the cross ([Phil_2,6] - [Phil_2,11]; [Gal_4,4]). Other than at the Transfiguration ([Lk_9,32]), the glory which was his as Son did not manifest itself in his humanity ([Jn_1,15] and [Jn_17,5]); rather Jesus wished to grow by means of suffering like anyone else ([Heb_5,7] - [Heb_5,8]). From the start Jesus {N}was conscious {/}of who he was ([Lk_2,49]; [Heb_10,5]). It did not however mean that he knew everything (com. on [Mk_6,2]), for he discovered the demands of his mission gradually (com. on [Lk_3,21] and [Lk_9,31]).
  
{N}102{/} Jesus {N}enters into our history{/}. The Gospel situates his birth ([Lk_2,1]; [Mt_2,1]; [Jn_7,42]), the beginning of his public ministry ([Lk_3,1] - [Lk_3,2]; [Lk_3,22]), his death at the time of Pilate, the governor, and Caiaphas, the High Priest ([Jn_11,49]). He was born in Bethlehem, raised in Nazareth ([Mt_2,23]; [Lk_4,16]) where he worked; he never left to become the disciple of any master ([Jn_7,15]).
  
{N}103{/} Jesus begins by preaching {N}in the synagogues{/} ([Lk_4,15]; [Mk_1,21]) and by initiating_the {N}Reign of God{/} ([Mk_1,15] and 110-118). He gathers crowds ([Mt_5,1]; [Mt_14,14]). After a while a {N}crisis{/} takes place ([Jn_6,66]) and Jesus devotes himself to {N}forming his disciples{/} ([Mk_9,30]) who will become the nucleus of his {N}Church{/} ([Mt_16,16]; [Lk_22,24] - [Lk_22,32]). Then, he prepares for his {N}death{/} (130-138) crowned by his {N}Resurrection{/} (see 140-148).
  
{N}104{/} Jesus {N}performed miracles{/} as the prophets had done but in a different way, as someone with divine authority ([Mk_2,27]; [Mt_5,21], [Mt_5,28], [Mt_ 5,32]). He easily puts himself in the place which belongs to God ([Mk_2,1] - [Mk_2,12]; [Lk_7,36] - [Lk_7,50]; [Mk_8,34] - [Mk_8,38]). He declares {N}he is one with the Father{/} ([Mt_11,26] - [Mt_11,27]; [Jn_5,18], [Jn_8,58], [Jn_10,30], [Jn_10,37] - [Jn_10,38]).
  
{N}105{/} Jesus usually refused being called Son of God ([Mk_3,11], [Mk_5,7]) because this title was traditionally given to the kings of Israel ([2S_7,14]; [Ps_89,27]), and Jesus was son in a very different way. He preferred to be called {N}Son of Man{/} ([Mt_26,64]) referring to Daniel [Dn_7,13] (see{N} {/}65). But, first, Peter ([Mt_16,16]) and, later, the Church recognized Jesus as the {N}Son of God{/} ([Heb_9,20]). See 140-145.
  
{N}106{/} The eternal Son of the Father did not come down from heaven to humankind, but he was born from a people, Israel, and{N} from a woman{/} ([Gal_4,4]), Mary, uniquely associated to the Father's divine plan (com. on [Lk_1,26]). The one who was to be welcomed by the virgin of Israel ([Is_7,14]; [Zec_2,14], [Zec_9,9]) was born {N}of a virgin mother{/} ([Mt_1,18]; [Lk_1,26] and com. on [Mk_6,1]). Mary's faith and consent allowed the work of the Spirit to be accomplished in her ([Lk_1,45]).

{N}107{/} Mary{N} intervenes {/}in the Gospel: for the sanctification of John the Baptist ([Lk_1,39]); at the beginning of Jesus' ministry ([Jn_2,1]; Cana) and in order to welcome us as adopted children ([Jn_19,25]). She is mentioned in the birth and infancy of Jesus ([Lk_2,1]; [Mt_2,1]). Two texts compel us to realize that her greatness does not come from having given physical birth to Jesus, but rather from her being the model of believers. ([Mk_3,31]; [Lk_11,27]). Mary is also mentioned in the first nucleus of the Church ([Acts_1,14]).
  
{N}108{/} Here are some{N} biblical texts{/} which help us express what Mary means to God and to the church: [Gen_3,15]; [Is_7,14]; [Song_4,12] - [Song_4,16]; [Pro_8,22] - [Pro_8,31]; [Jdt_13,18] - [Jdt_13,20], [Jdt_16,9] - [Jdt_16,10]; [Rev_12,1].

{N}11. JESUS PROCLAIMS THE REIGN OF GOD.{/}
  
{N}110{/} Jesus begins by proclaiming a new age, announced by the prophets, {N}the age of God's favor{/} ([Mk_1,14]; [Lk_4,21], [Lk_4,19]).
  
{N}111{/} Jesus proclaims the {N}Kingdom of God {/}(or{N} Kingdom of heaven{/}: [Mt_5,1 and com. of [Mt_6,9]). His miracles are signs that this Kingdom of God is already in the midst of humankind ([Mt_11,26]; [Lk_17,21]) {N}with the power to cure{/} all their ills: [Mt_9,35].
  
{N}112{/} The Kingdom of God means that {N}now God reveals himself as Father {/}([Mt_6,1], [Mt_6,9], [Mt_6,18]) and he must be acknowledged as such by his children ([Mt_11,26] - [Mt_11,27]). The whole newness of the Kingdom lies in a new awareness of God ([Jn_4,23]), an awareness of the Father ([Jn_7,28] - [Jn_7,29]) and of the Son ([Jn_17,3]), erasing the old image of a punishing God ([Lk_9,54] and [Lk_14,2]; [Jn_9,3]) with mighty power ([Mt_11,29]; [Mt_11,34] - [Jn_12,35]) and very distant from us ([Jn_14,8]).
  
{N}113{/} The Kingdom of Heaven is {N}proclaimed to the poor first{/} ([Lk_4,18], [Lk_6,20], [Lk_7,22). They are the first to enter it ([Lk_16,9]) and they will have a decisive role in the spreading of the Kingdom: [Lk_12,32] - [Lk_12,34]; [1Cor_1,26]; [Jas_2,5] - [Jas_2,7]. This is not because the poor are better but because {N}the power of God {/}is {N}better manifested in human weakness{/} [1S_17,1]; [1Cor_,29]; [1Mac_3,18]; [2Cor_12,9] and because God loves to save what was lost ([Is_49,2]; [Lk_1,25], [Lk_19,10]). He humbles the proud and raises the humble: [Lk_16,15]; [1S_2,3] - [1S_2,8].
It is_rather significant that the first promises of the Kingdom are addressed to a great king ([2S_7,13]; [1K_8,24]) and the last to {N}the poor of Yahweh{/} ([Zep_3,12]; [Zec_9,9]; [Ps_132,15]), the oppressed believers ([Dn_3,30]; [1Mac_2,7]) exploited by the rich and the opportunists ([Ps_55,58], [Ps_123,3]). These poor welcome the Gospel more readily ([Lk_2,8], [Lk_10,21], [Lk_4,18]).
  
{N}114{/} The fact that God reigns does not mean that from then on humankind will leave him to act alone, but rather that {N}people will act with{/} more freedom because they are freed from prejudices ([Mk_7,15]; [Acts_10,15] and [Acts_10,34]) and laws ([Lk_14,3]; [Col_2,16]) and are concerned about developing their talents ([Mt_25,14] - [Mt_25,30]).
  
{N}115 Salvation {/}is not achieved from above by eradicating evil ([Mt_13,24], [Mt_26,53]): it is {N}a seed sown among humankind {/}([Mt_13,1], [Mt_13,31]) that grows slowly ([Mk_4,26]), first within the person ([Mk_4,14]; [Mt_13,44]; [Jn_3,3]); and then becomes a visible reality ([Mt_5,14]; [Lk_12,32]) which is {N}concretized in the Church{/} ([Mt_16,18]).
  
{N}116{/} The contemporaries of Jesus thought that the Kingdom would begin after the {N}Judgment of God{/} which would separate the good from the bad ([Is_1,25] - [Is_1,28], [Is_4,2] - [Is_4,5]; [Zep_1,14]; [Mal_3,1] - [Mal_3,2]; [Mt_3,9] - [Mt_3,12]). Jesus states that the judgment is not for now ([Mt_13,32]; [Acts_1,7]): nonetheless, even now each person is being judged by his/her attitude toward the Gospel ([Jn_3,18] - [Jn_3,20], [Jn_12,46]) and so are the nations ([Lk_10,13], [Lk_14,19]; [Mt_23,37]).
  
{N}117{/} Jesus presents himself as {N}the One sent by the Father{/} ([Jn_6,29], [Jn_10,36]) and the apostles discover the unique relationship which unites him to the Father ([Lk_11,1]; [Mk_1,35]; [Lk_6,12]; [Mk_14,37]; [Jn_4,31] - [Jn_4,34], [Jn_16,32]). Jesus says: {N}My Father {/}([Mt_7,21], [Mt_10,32], [Mt_16,17]; [Mk_25,34]) and your Father ([Mt_5,16], [Mt_10,20]). He never says Our Father.
  
{N}118{/} Jesus asks the Jews to recognize that they were living in an{N} exceptional moment{/} ([Lk_12,54]; [Mt_11,21], [Mt_12,41]) and that they had to overcome the crisis that divided them ([Lk_12,57], [Lk_13,5]) by accepting this new vision of {N}God the Father {/}and the {N}primacy of mercy{/} ([Lk_15,1]) and {N}reconciliation{/} ([Mt_19,23]).
  
{N}119{/} The great majority of the Jewish people did not respond to this call ([Mt_12,45]; [Lk_13,34]) and their fanatical religion brought them to the catastrophe foretold by Jesus ([Mt_21,43], [Mt_22,7], [Mt_23,35] - [Mt_23,37]; [Lk_21,23] and [Lk_23,28] - [Lk_23,31]).

{N}12. JESUS PREPARES HIS CHURCH.{/}
  
{N}120 The {/}Church ([Acts_9,31]) and {N}the{/} churches ([Gal_1,22]). The Church of God ([Acts_20,28]) and the churches of God ([1Cor_11,6]; [1Thes_2,14]). The Church is_the spiritual people of God. {N}Church{/} means the Assembly convened by God, or the Assembly of God's elect. They are also called the {N}saints{/}: the Church of the saints: [1Cor_14,33].
  
{N}121{/} To renew Israel and then to extend the Kingdom to all the nations ([Mt_10,5], [Mt_15,24]), {N}Jesus plans his Church{/} founded on Peter ([Mt_16,18]) and the apostles ([Mt_10,1]). His people's lack of faith makes him think of the Church as a new people of God, open to all nations ([Mt_8,10]; [Jn_10,1]; [Jn_21,43], [Mt_22,1], [Mt_23,37]) in which the Kingdom will be concretized (See com. on [Mt_13,31]).
  
{N}122{/} Jesus is followed by {N}disciples {/}who believe in him ([Lk_6,17], [Lk_19,37]). Among them he chooses those he wishes ([Mk_3,13]; [Jn_15,16]) to be his {N}apostles{/} ([Mk_3,16]). They will form the core of his Church ([Lk_22,28] - [Lk_22,30]). Jesus asks self-sacrifice from them ([Mk_8,34]; [Lk_9,57]) and total fidelity to him ([Mt_10,37]; [Lk_14,25]).
  
{N}123{/} Jesus teaches them the foundations of{N} co-existence{/} in the Church. The greatest will be the servant of the others ([Mk_10,43]; [Mt_18,6] and [Mt_18,10]). No one will be called Father, Master or Teacher, but authority will respect the fundamental equality of all and their direct relationship to God ([Mt_23,8]). The greatest Law will be love ([Jn_13,34] - [Jn_13,35] and [Jn_15,12] - [Jn_15,14]). Love will be expressed primarily in forgiveness ([Mt_18,21] and [Mt_18,23]) and in concern for unity ([Jn_17,21]). Church decisions will be ratified by God ([Mt_16,19] and [Mt_18,18]).
  
{N}124{/} The growth of the Kingdom in a world which rejects light will be a source of conflicts and will bring about {N}persecutions to the Church{/} ([Lk_12,49] - [Lk_12,53]; [Jn_15,18] - [Jn_15,25]; [Mk_13,13]; [Mt_5,11]; [Rev_12,13] - [Rev_12,18]). The first crisis will be the destruction of the Jewish nation ([Mk_13,5] - [Mk_13,23], [Mk_13,28] - [Mk_13,31]). See com. on [Mt_24,1]. Other crises will follow until the last one which will witness the{N} return of Christ{/} and the Judgment: [Mt_16,27]; [Acts_3,21]; [1Thes_4,16]; [Mk_13,24] - [Mk_13,27]; [2Thes_2,1]; [Rev_19,11] - [Rev_19,21], [Rev_20,7].

{N}13. THE SACRIFICE.{/}
  
{N}130{/} The death of Jesus is_not accidental. ([Heb_10,5]). From the start he prepared to face it ([Mt_20,28]; [Jn_11,9], [Jn_12,27]). {N}He predicted it{/} many times ([Mk_8,31], [Mk_9,9], [Mk_10,32]; [Lk_13,31]).{N} He assumed full responsibility for it{/} ([Jn_10,28] - [Jn_10,30], [Jn_19,30]), knowing that this Hour was the hour of his triumph ([Jn_7,6] - [Jn_7,8], [Jn_12,31], [Jn_17,1] - [Jn_17,2]).
  
{N}131{/} Jesus' sacrifice is like a second revelation of the justice of God ([Rm_3,25] - [Rm_3,26]) completing that of the Old Testament. The {N}punishing God {/}banished sinners ([Gen_3,22] - [Gen_3,23]); God-become-human heals evil people and accepts their rejection of him ([Jn_1,11]; [Mt_21,37]). The {N}liberating God{/} demonstrated his sovereignty ([Ex_15,1]]; [Dn_4,1] and [Dn_5,1]); Jesus chooses the last place in order to save ([Mt_20,28]).
  
{N}132{/} Those who became {N}victims{/} of society have greater power to disturb us after their death. Jesus chooses the last place ([Phil_2,8]) in order to {N}bring to repentance{/} the very society which condemned him [Zec_12,10]; [Jn_19,37]; [Rev_1,7], and in so doing, he draws all people to himself ([Jn_12,32]).
  
{N}133{/} Since the beginning, people have offered {N}sacrifices{/}. The {N}holocaust{/} (that is when the victim is_completely burned) expressed a person's total submission to God: [Lev_1,1]; [1S_15,22]; [Ps_51,18]; [Heb_10,6] - [Heb_10,7]. {N}The blood poured out{/} atoned for sins [Lev_5,17]; [Heb_9,22]. The eating of victims in a {N}communion{/} banquet caused the participants to share in divine holiness [1Cor_10,18]. The sacrifice of the{N} lamb {/}served to renew God's covenant with his people ([Ex_12,1]; [Ps_50,5]).
  
{N}134{/} Jesus' death and resurrection constitute the new and final sacrifice that replaces all the previous ones ([Heb_7,27], [Heb_9,25]). This is why Jesus is called {N}Lamb of God{/} ([Jn_1,29]). His sacrifice is identified with the New Passover (Passover means: Passage) leading to holy and eternal life [Lk_12,50], [Lk_22,16]; [Rm_6,4]; [1Cor_5,7]; com. on [2Mac_15,12].
  
{N}135{/} The sacrifice of Jesus enabled him to reach his perfection and to receive the gifts that make him the Leader and the Head of all humanity ([Is_53,11] - [Is_53,12]; [Acts_2,33]; [Heb_2,10], [Heb_5,7]). See 203.
  
{N}136{/} With the pouring of his blood, his painful death obtains the{N} forgiveness of sins{/} for all people [Is_53,10]; [Mt_26,28]; [Rm_3,21], [Rm_5,9]; [Rm_5,19], [Rm_ 8,3]; it{N} reconciles{/} us with God ([Rm_5,10], [Rm_5,20]; [2Cor_5,17]; [Col_1,21]); it {N}redeems{/} us [1P_1,18]; it{N} gives us freedom{/} ([Rm_7,4]; [Eph_1,17]) and it begins a process that brings a solution to all the contradictions in the universe ([Rm_8,19]; [Eph_2,16]; [Col_1,20]).
  
{N}137{/} The sacrifice of Christ{N} reveals the love of God {/}for us in the Father's great generosity ([Rm_8,3]; [Jn_3,16]; [1Jn_4,10]) as well as in the Son's obedience ([Mk_14,36]; [Rm_5,6]; [1Jn_3,16]). In Jesus' {N}pierced heart{/} ([Jn_19,34]) we contemplate the mystery of the love of God who wished to amaze us with his capacity for total surrender in order to restore trust to his lost creation ([Rm_5,8]).
  
{N}138{/} Jesus' death and resurrection teach us the meaning of our own life: the one who gives his life comes to a new birth ([Lk_17,33]; [Jn_12,24] - [Jn_12,26], [Jn_16,21], [Jn_17,9]). His death and resurrection point out to us the demands of genuine love ([Jn_15,13]) and of ministry ([2Cor_6,3] - [2Cor_6,10], [2Cor_12,14]) as well as the value of our own trials ([Jn_15,2]; [2Cor_12,9] - [2Cor_12,10]).

{N}14. THE RESURRECTION, JESUS LORD OF HISTORY.{/}
  
{N}140 Jesus is risen{/} as he had said he would ([Mk_9,9] - [Mk_9,10]), according to the Scriptures ([Lk_24,25] - [Lk_24,27]; [1Cor_15,4]; [Acts_2,30]). The appearances of the risen Jesus in Jerusalem and in Galilee ([Mt_28,1]; [Mk_16,1]; [Lk_24,1]; [Jn_20,1] and [Jn_21,1]; [1Cor_15,5] - [1Cor_15,8]).
{N}The Resurrection{/} has a double meaning: Jesus has returned to life ([Lk_24,5]; [Acts_2,24]) and Jesus has been glorified or exalted ([Jn_17,1]; [Acts_2,33], [Acts_3,13]). Jesus' last appearance (or the {N}Ascension{/}) expresses this second aspect of the Resurrection ([Mt_28,17] - [Mt_28,20]; [Lk_24,50]; [Acts_1,9]).
  
{N}141{/} In being raised, the humanity of Jesus is totally transformed by divine energy, receiving the fullness of life which the Father communicates to his son ([Jn_1,14], [Jn_17,1]; [Acts_2,32]; [Rm_1,3]). Now Jesus is_recognized as Son of God. {N}Being the Son, splendor of the Father{/} ([Heb_1,1]), Jesus, Son-of-God-become-human, is the manifestation of the invisible God in this created universe ([Jn_14,9]; [Col_1,15]). In him the promises of the Old Testament are fulfilled ([Mt_12,41] - [Mt_12,42], [Mt_23,35] - [Mt_23,36]; [Jn_8,56]; [Rev_5,1]). Now as a human being, he is the {N}head of all creation{/} ([Col_1,18]), above all creatures, whether material or spiritual ([Heb_1,4] - [Heb_1,14]).
  
{N}142{/} Jesus{N} has come from God{/} ([Jn_13,3], [Jn_16,27], [Jn_17,8]) and {N}returns to the Father{/} through his death and resurrection ([Jn_16,28]) so that the filial relationship which unites him to the Father can come to perfection ([Acts_2,33]; [Rm_1,4]). To express her faith in Jesus, the Son-of-God-become-human, one God with the Father, the Church calls him {N}Lord{/}. Of the two names denoting God - {N}God{/} and {N}Lord{/} - the Church kept the first for the Father and the second for Christ (see [Rm_10,9]; [Phil_1,11]; com. on [Jn_11,2], [Jn_13,2], [Jn_20,2]).
  
{N}143{/} Jesus replaces the figure of God-Alone with that of {N}God-Communion{/}. Communion between the Father and the Son ([Jn_1,1], [Jn_1,18]; com. on [Jn_5,19]; [Mt_11,26]; [Jn_13,32], [Jn_17,1]). A communion in the Holy Spirit ([Jn_14,16], [Jn_15,26]).
  
{N}144{/} The church of the Apostles {N}baptizes {/}in the unique name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit ([Mt_28,19]) and acknowledges only one God in three_Divine Persons which we call the {N}Holy{/} {N}Trinity{/}: [1Cor_6,11], [1Cor_12,4]; [2Cor_13,14]; [Rev_1,1].
  
{N}145{/} The risen Jesus now {N}Lord of History{/}: that is to say that he rules over and directs the material and spiritual forces, visible or invisible, which shape our history: [Jn_12,31]; [Rev_1,18], [Rev_1,6]; [Col_1,18], [Col_2,10] and com. on [Mk_16,9]. Paul shows Christ to be superior to the heavenly powers which, in those days, were believed to be in charge of human fate and history ([Eph_1,10], [Eph_1,21]; [Col_11,6]). This reign of Christ means that humanity has come of age ([Gal_4,3] - [Gal_4,5]).
  
{N}146{/} From then on salvation takes place through the {N}Name {/}of Jesus, that is, through the divine power ([Phil_2,9] - [Phil_2,10]) which radiates from him ([Acts_4,30]; [1Jn_2,12]; com. on [Mk_16,17]). Every saving act proceeds at the same time from Christ and from the Spirit ([1Cor_12,4] - [1Cor_12,6]; [2Cor_3,16] - [2Cor_3,17]) and is attributed to Christ the Lord or to his Spirit ([Jn_6,35] - [Jn_6,36], [Jn_7,38] - [Jn_7,39]; [Mk_9,38]; [Lk_11,20]; [Eph_4,7] and [1Cor_12,7]).

{N}15. THE NEW CREATION - GIFT OF THE SPIRIT - THE MYSTERY OF RECONCILIATION.{/}
  
{N}150{/} Jesus did not come only to correct sins, but to {N}renew creation {/}([Jn_5,20]). This new creation is_achieved through the {N}gift of the Holy Spirit{/} ([1Cor_15,45]). Above all, this work means a {N}resurrection{/} {N}of people{/} and {N}universal reconciliation{/} ([Jn_5,21]).
  
{N}151{/} Jesus' violation of {N}the Sabbath{/} ([Mk_2,28]; [Jn_5,29]) and the Sabbath replacement by{N} Sunday{/} (see com. on [Acts_20,7]) reveals his intention to re-arrange the first creation which took place in 6 days ([Jn_5,17] and com. on [Gen_2,3]; [Rev_3,14]). The fulfillment of what the prophets had announced ([Is_25,6] - [Is_25,10], [Is_32,15] - [Is_32,20], [Is_65,17] - [Is_65,19]; [Ezk_37,1]; [Ezk_47,1] - [Ezk_47,12]). The death of Jesus expresses the {N}death of all that preceded him{/} [2Cor_5,14]; [Gal_2,19]. Sins are forgiven ([Rm_6,10]; [Heb_9,28]). The laws and forms of religion taught in the Bible itself are no longer valid ([Rm_7,4]; [Gal_4,5], [Gal_5,4] - [Gal_5,6]; [Col_2,16]).
{N}All distinctions{/} of sex, class and nation {N}are abolished{/} ([Gal_3,28], [Gal_6,15]; [1Cor_12,13]; [Col_3,11]).{N} We are new creatures{/} ([2Cor_5,17]; [Gal_6,15]; [Col_1,15]; [Eph_2,10]; [Eph_2,15]) moving towards a perfection similar to that of God the Father's ([Eph_4,24]; [Col_3,10]). This new creation must embrace the whole universe: [Rm_8,18] - [Rm_8,25].
  
{N}152{/} The new creation especially implies{N} revoking the laws of the Old Testament{/}:{N} {/}they were no more than the shadow of the definitive realities ([Col_2,17]; [Heb_8,5], [Heb_10,1]; [Mt_11,13]) which begin with Christ. To rely on{N} circumcision{/} ([Gal_5,2], [Gal_6,12]) or on the other practices of the Law ([Col_2,16]; [Rm_14,14] - [Rm_14,20]) is to go backwards and to deny God's grace ([Col_2,20]; [Gal_2,18]). {N}The person who wishes to be righteous{/} in terms of practices and merits ([Lk_18,9]; [Phil_3,7] - [Phil_3,9]) loses genuine justice and holiness, the gift of God in Christ: [Col_2,11]; [Phil_3,9].
  
{N}153{/} The new creation is_achieved through{N} the gift of the Holy Spirit{/} who gives life ([Ps_104,30]; [Jn_6,63]; [Rm_8,2]). Jesus' glorification had to precede the gift of the Spirit ([Jn_7,37] - [Jn_7,39]; [Acts_2,32] - [Acts_2,33]; [Jn_16,7]). The Spirit makes us {N}free{/} ([Gal_4,7], [Gal_5,13] - [Gal_5,18]), {N}forgives our sins {/}([Jn_20,22]; [1Cor_6,11]). He makes us{N}_sons{/} {N}and daughters {/}([Rm_8,14] - [Rm_8,17]); he makes known to us God's mysterious designs ([1Cor_2,10] - [1Cor_2,12]; [1Jn_2,20]). The revelations of the Spirit in the_church are the {N}first fruits{/} ([Rm_8,23]) and the{N} assurance{/} ([Eph_1,14]; [2Cor_1,22], [2Cor_5,5]) of our complete transformation in the world to come ([1Jn_3,2] - [1Jn_3,3]; [Rm_8,18]).
  
{N}154 The new creation does not know death{/}, which is a consequence of sin ([Rm_5,12]; [Rev_20,15], [Rev_20,21]). It is_true that the part of us which is called exterior [2Cor_4,16] or {N}old self {/}([Rm_6,6]; [Eph_4,22]; [Col_3,9]) or{N} flesh{/} ([2Cor_4,11]; [Gal_6,8]; [Rm_8,3]) moves toward death ([Rm_8,10]; [2Cor_5,16], [2Cor_13,4]; [1P_3,18]). But the{N} inner self {/}([Rm_7,22]; [Eph_3,16]) is_alive through sharing in the Spirit ([Rm_8,10] - [Rm_8,11]).
  
{N}155{/} The{N} risen Jesus {/}gives us the power of the resurrection ([Jn_5,25]; [Col_2,12], [Col_3,1]; [Rm_5,21], [Rm_6,6], [Rm_8,4]) and he will raise us ([Jn_5,28], [Jn_6,39] - [Jn_6,58], [Jn_11,25]; [Rm_8,10]; [Phil_3,20]).
  
{N}156{/} Jesus reveals the {N}Mystery{/} ([Eph_3,3]; [Rev_10,7]), that is_the amazing plan which was kept secret ([Eph_3,9]; [Rm_16,25]; [Col_1,26]). The entire work of creation, salvation and sanctification had for its goal the {N}praise of God's grace{/} and generosity ([Eph_1,6], [Eph_1,12]). Everything was entrusted to the Beloved Son ([Eph_1,1] - [Eph_1,6]) and through him all receive it. All peoples are called {N}to form a single body{/} in him ([Eph_1,22], [Eph_3,5] - [Eph_3,6]) and through him they come to share the very Glory of God ([Col_1,27]; [Eph_2,6]).
  
{N}157{/} This mysterious plan was initiated with the salvation of Israel ([Rm_11,25]) and it extends to the whole universe ([Col_1,27]). This Mystery{N} demands {/}universal {N}reconciliation{/} in a world divided by nature, prejudices and sins ([Eph_2,14] - [Eph_2,16]; see 151,{N} differences{/}).
  
{N}158{/} The Apostles' ministry is to proclaim and extend this reconciliation ([2Cor_5,20] - [2Cor_5,21]; [Rm_15,16]) already announced by Jesus ([Lk_4,19]);{N} the essence of the religion of the New Testament{/} consists in achieving this reconciliation ([Rm_15,16]).
  
{N}159{/} In this mission Jesus appears as the{N} unique Mediator {/}between God and humankind ([1Tim_2,5]; [Heb_9,15], [Heb_12,24]) since he is_the one who intercedes for us ([Heb_2,17] - [Heb_2,18], [Heb_4,15] - [Heb_4,16]) and{N} obtains for us the blessings{/} of the New Covenant ([Acts_13,34]; [Heb_9,11], [Heb_10,20]).

{N}16. SALVATION THROUGH FAITH.{/}
  
{N}160{/} We become part of the new creation as God's gift ([Mt_11,27]; [Jn_6,43]; [Eph_2,8]). This decisive step ([Col_1,12] - [Col_1,13]), our salvation{N} {/}Is_{N}not the reward for our merit{/} and good deeds ([Rm_4,1]; [Phil_3,4] - [Phil_3,6]), but it comes through faith ([Rm_3,21]; [Phil_3,9]).
  
{N}161{/} According to John, believing consists in {N}recognizing the One sent by God{/} ([Jn_5,38]; [Jn_6,29]). It means recognizing the fact that {N}God loves us first{/} and forgives us ([1Jn_4,10]; [Jn_2,16]). It means accepting God that we may be transformed and {N}made holy{/} ([Jn_12,42] - [Jn_12,45]); and recognizing that Jesus is_the Christ ([1Jn_2,22] - [1Jn_2,29], [1Jn_5,1]), namely, the Only Son who came from God and would return to God ([Jn_6,62]).
  
{N}162{/} According to Peter and Paul, to believe is_to accept the love of God {N}who delivered his Son for the sake of sinners {/}([Rm_5,24] - [Rm_5,25]; [Gal_3,1]). It means to acknowledge that God has raised the Son from the dead ([Rm_4,23], [Rm_10,9]){N} and made him Lord{/} ([Acts_2,36]; [1Cor_12,3]; [Phil_2,11]). It means to accept that all the promises of God were fulfilled in him . ([2Cor_1,20])  
  
{N}163{/} Faith that saves{N} is supported by the witness of the Scriptures {/}([Acts_17,3, [Acts_18,28]; [Rm_16,26]; [2P_1,19]) but it also means discovering a word which God speaks to us today ([Heb_1,1] and com. on [Mk_11,29]). The contemporaries of Jesus had to recognize him as the One sent through the signs that he worked ([Jn_6,26], [Jn_10,32], [Jn_15,24]). Later, faith was supported by{N} the testimony and the signs given by the Apostles {/}([Mk_16,17]; [Acts_8,7]; [1Thes_1,5]). Faith is_never limited to accepting beliefs, but it sees God's plan ([Mt_11,16] -[Mt_11,24]; [Lk_7,30]) {N}through present events {/}([Lk_12,56], [Lk_19,44]) and {N}the prophetic voices{/} of the Church ([Eph_3,5]; [1Thes_5,19]).
  
{N}164{/} Faith {N}integrates us to the people of God{/} ([Eph_2,19] - [Eph_2,22]) through{N} baptism{/} ([Mt_28,19]; [Mk_16,16]; [Col_2,11] - [Col_2,13]).   
  
{N}165{/} Faith {N}brings us into a state of holiness {/}which the Bible calls {N}justice{/}, or {N}righteousness{/}, or {N}justification{/} (see com. on [Rm_1,16]; [Rm_4,1] - [Rm_8,1]; [1Jn_2,1] - [1Jn_2,6]). It makes us pleasing to God, reconciled with him ([Rm_5,1] - [Rm_5,2]) and a reflection of God's image ([Rm_8,28]; [Col_3,10]; [Eph_4,24]). Faith introduces us to the Kingdom of his Son ([Col_1,13]) where we receive the first gift of the Spirit ([Eph_1,13]; [2Cor_1,22]). See 153{N}-{/}154.

{N}17. THE CHURCH OF GOD.{/}
  
{N}170{/} Jesus lays the groundwork for his Church: see 120-124.
  
{N}171{/} The Church did not originate from human will, but from God's eternal plan. The {N}Mystery{/} is_concretized in the Church ([Eph_3,5]), that is, the saving plan of God who brings all people together under Christ, the only head ([Eph_1,5] - [Eph_1,12], [Eph_1,22]). That is why the Church is_called{N} holy {/}because its destiny depends more upon God's plans than upon human initiatives.
  
{N}172{/} Christ, in taking the steps leading to its foundations, does not act upon his own initiative alone. He lets himself be guided by the Father ([Jn_1,35] - [Jn_1,51]; [Mt_16,18]; [Lk_6,12]; [Acts_1,7]; [Jn_17,6], [Jn_17,9] - [Jn_17,12]). The {N}Churches{/} {N}of Christ{/} ([Phlm_16,1]). The Church is subject to Christ who loves her and gives himself for her ([Eph_5,24] - [Eph_5,25]; [Jn_17,19]). The Church of God which Jesus bought with his own blood ([Acts_20,28]). The Church is his{N} bride {/}([Jn_3,29]; [Eph_5,27]; [Mt_22,2]; [Cor_11,1]; [Rev_21,2]) and his{N} body{/} ([Col_1,24]; [1Cor_12,12]) and he is the head.
  
{N}173{/} The Church is_born on the day of Pentecost ([Acts_2,1]) as an effect of the {N}pouring out of the{/} promised {N}Holy Spirit{/} (150).
  
{N}174{/} The apostles' {N}proclamation of the faith{/} in the risen Jesus accompanies the out-pouring of the Spirit ([Jn_15,26] - [Jn_15,27]; [Acts_1,7] - [Acts_1,8]) to establish the Church ([Acts_2,14] -[Acts_2,39]; [1Thes_1,5]). The Church is_made up of all those who hear the {N}call to conversion{/} and who believe that they will receive forgiveness of their sins ([Acts_2,38]) and the gift of the Spirit ([Acts_2,39]) through faith in the saving power of Jesus and in baptism (see 181).
  
{N}175{/} The Church is {N}founded on Peter and the apostles{/} ([Mt_16,18], [Mt_10,1]). The faith of the Church is the same as that of the apostles ([1Cor_15,11]; [2P_1,16] - [2P_1,21]). Those who accept the witness of the apostles and of their successors belong to the Church ([Jn_17,20], [Jn_20,21]) and are accepted by them ([1Cor_14,38]; [2Cor_10,6], [2Cor_13,10]).{N} We are in communion{/} with God by being in communion with them ([1Jn_1,3]). Christ is with them ([Mt_28,20]) so that their decisions may not be opposed to the divine plan ([Mt_16,19], [Mt_18,18]; [Lk_10,16]) despite the fact that they will fail in many ways ([Gal_2,11]; [Acts_15,37], [Acts_21,20]). The Church will always be what the apostles made it ([Lk_22,30]; [Rev_21,14]).
  
{N}176{/} The Church is_{N}communion{/} ([Acts_2,4]; [Heb_13,16]). The communion existing between the baptized and the Divine Persons ([2Cor_13,13]; [1Cor_1,9], [1Cor_10,16]) brings about communion among themselves ([1Jn_1,7]) both in the spiritual ([Acts_2,42]; [Phil_1,5], [Phil_2,1]) and the material sense ([Rm_15,27]; [Gal_6,6]).
  
{N}177{/} The Church is_the {N}presence of{/} divine{N} Truth {/}in our world [1Tim_3,15]. It is the manifestation of{N} God's love{/} ([1Cor_1,26]; [2Cor_4,7]) and, despite the weakness of its members, it is a sign of God's saving presence [2Cor_4,1] and God gives it strength ([Rev_2,8], [Rev_3,8]).

{N}18. THE SACRAMENTS OF THE CHURCH.{/}
  
{N}180{/} The Church is_a communion of believers where God manifests himself (see com. on [Mt_16,18]). This is_why we say that the Church is_a{N} sacrament of God{/} (see com. on [Mt_18,1]). Various rites of the Church, called {N}sacraments{/}, come from Christ and his apostles; they express and make the saving action of God present.
  
{N}181{/} Baptism with {N}water{/} and the {N}Holy Spirit{/} ([Jn_3,5]), with the Spirit and fire ([Mt_3,11]); with water along with the word ([Eph_5,26]) in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit ([Mt_28,19]) in the name of the Lord Jesus ([Acts_2,38], [Acts_8,16]). Baptism{N} for the dead {/}([1Cor_15,29]). Baptism and{N} baptisms{/} ([Heb_6,2] and com. on [Lk_3,7]).
  
{N}182 He who believes{/} is_baptized ([Mk_16,16]) to receive the forgiveness of his sins ([Acts_2,38], [Acts_22,16]). Baptism means death to a sinful past ([Rm_6,3] - [Rm_6,9]) and entrance into a risen life ([Rm_6,4]; [Col_2,11] - [Col_2,12]). It is an interior purification ([1P_1,22]) through Christ's blood ([1P_1,2]). It is_a new birth from above ([Jn_3,8]), a birth in the Spirit ([Jn_3,6]; [Col_2,12]). The only baptism in the one faith reunites_us in a single body ([1Cor_12,13]). Baptism introduces us into life in Christ, into Christian life ([Phil_4,1]). See 200.
  
{N}183{/} The{N} imposition of the hands{/} to confirm baptism and to confer the gifts of the Spirit ([Acts_8,14], [Acts_19,6]). A rite which cannot be performed by just any minister ([Acts_8,14] -[Acts_8,17]). See also [Heb_6,2].
  
{N}184{/} The {N}power to forgive{/} sins: see com. on [Jas_5,16]. The baptized person must fear weakening of faith and loss of hope. Without faith and hope there is_neither the desire nor the possibility to have sins forgiven again ([Lk_13,7] - [Lk_13,9]; [Heb_6,4] - [Heb_6,8], [Heb_12,15]). This is_the kind of sin which leads to {N}death{/} ([1Jn_5,16]). The Church may exclude the sinner if he does not mend his ways ([Mt_18,17]; [1Cor_5,11] - [1Cor_5,13]), and may ask God to give him a warning through physical punishment ([1Cor_4,4] - [1Cor_4,5]; [Rev_2,22]).
  
{N}185{/} The {N}anointing of the sick{/}: practiced by the missionaries of Jesus ([Lk_10,1]) and entrusted to the elders of the Church ([Jas_5,14]).   
  
{N}186{/} The imposition of the hands to{N} consecrate the ministers{/} of the Church ([1Tim_4,14], [1Tim_5,22]; [2Tim_1,6]).
  
{N}187 Matrimony {/}of Christians has its own demands ([1Cor_7,10] - [1Cor_7,12] and com. on [1Cor_11,2] and [1P_3,1]): it is_a sacrament because it is_an image and an active realization of Christ's union with the Church ([Eph_5,22] - [Eph_5,23]).
  
{N}188{/} The{N} Eucharist{/}, or the Lord's Supper ([1Cor_11,20]) or the breaking of the bread ([Acts_2,42], [Acts_20,7]; [1Cor_10,16]). See the commentaries on the promise of the Eucharist ([Jn_6,22] - [Jn_6,58]) and its institution ([Mk_14,12]; [1Cor_11,23]).
  
{N}189{/} Some passages of the Old Testament prefigure and {N}clarify the meaning of the sacraments{/}, especially Baptism ([Gen_6,1] - [Gen_6,7]; [Ex_14,15]; [Jos_3,1]; [2K_5,1]; [Is_12,1], [Is_55,1]; [Zec_13,1]; [Ezk_47,1]), the Eucharist ([Ex_12,16]; [1K_19,5]; [Gen_14,14]; [Mal_1,11]), Matrimony ([Gen_1,26], [Gen_2,18]; [Tb_8,4] - [Tb_8,7]; Song).

{N}19. THE SPIRIT IN THE CHURCH; CHARISMS AND MINISTRIES.{/}
  
{N}190{/} The Holy Spirit (see 143 and 144) who proceeds from the {N}Father{/} ([Jn_14,16], [Jn_15,26], [Jn_16,15]) and is _sent by the {N}Son{/} ([Jn_14,16], [Jn_15,26], [Jn_16,7]). The Spirit of God ([1Cor_2,11], [1Cor_7,40]; [1Jn_4,2]) and Spirit of Jesus ([Acts_8,39], [Acts_13,16]; [2Cor_3,7]; [Gal_4,6]; [Rev_3,1]).
  
{N}191{/} Already before Christ there was mention of the {N}Spirit of Yahweh{/}, a supernatural power given to liberators ([Jdg_6,34], [Jdg_11,29], [Jdg_14,6]), to prophets ([Num_11,25]; [Ezk_37,1]), to artists ([Ex_31,3]) and to the wise ([Wis_1,1]). An active power in creation ([Gen_1,2]; [Ps_104,30] and com. on [Jn_7,37]).
  
{N}192{/} As a result of Jesus' glorification, the Spirit is given to believers ([Jn_7,39]. See 153{N} {/}and [Heb_9,17], [Heb_19,2]; [Rm_5,5]; [Gal_3,2]; [Eph_1,3]; [1Jn_3,24]). Upon entrance into the Church, the Spirit is received in the{N} rite of the imposition of the hands{/} ([Acts_8,15]; [Acts_19,6]) which normally accompanies baptism ([Acts_2,38]; [Tit_3,5]; [Jn_3,5]). God can, however, make exceptions; he is not bound to the sacraments ([Acts_10,45]).
  
{N}193{/} The spirit is given to everyone according to the degree of Christ's gift ([Rm_12,3]; [Eph_4,7]; [Heb_2,4]) and he manifests his presence in{N} different gifts{/} ([1Cor_12,3], [1Cor_12,7] -[1Cor_11]; [Gal_3,5]; [Phil_1,19]). These gifts of the Spirit make us_members of{N} one same body{/} diversified ([Rm_12,5] - [Rm_12,8]) and organized ([Eph_4,16]).
  
{N}194{/} The spiritual gifts (often called{N} charisms{/} which means gifts: [1Cor_1,7], [1Cor_7,7], [1Cor_12,31]; [1P_4,10]) are for the good of the community ([1Cor_14,16] - [1Cor_14,19], [1Cor_14,32]). For this reason, they can also be called services (or {N}ministries{/}) and works ([Rm_12,7]; [1Cor_12,5]). Even though we know that the gifts and ministries are valid inasmuch as they encourage real love and communion ([1Cor_12,31]; [Eph_4,3]), the most important of them are the apostolic ministries of the founders and those responsible for the churches ([1Cor_12,28]; [Eph_4,11]).
  
{N}195{/} Regarding ruling ministries, see com. on [Acts_14,21]. Some are called {N}apostles{/}, not only the Twelve ([1Cor_1,1]; [1Cor_9,1] - [1Cor_9,6]). The {N}prophets {/}([1Cor_12,28]; [Eph_2,20], [Eph_3,5], [Eph_4,20]; [Rev_11,10], [Rev_16,6, [Rev_18,20]). Apollos was most probably a prophet and so were Timothy and Titus (see com. on [Acts_11,19], [Acts_13,1], [Acts_15,32]; [1Thes_5,19]; [Heb_7,1]; [1Tim_4,14]; [2Tim_1,6]). The{N} bishops{/} (or inspectors) had an active part in the councils of presbyters ([Acts_20,28]; [Phil_1,1]; [1Tim_3,1]; [Tit_1,7]). The {N}presbyters{/} (or elders): [Acts_11,30], [Acts_14,23], [Acts_15,2] - [Acts_15,23], [Acts_21,18]; [1Tim_5,19]; [Tit_1,5]; [Jas_5,14]; [1P_5,1]. The {N}deacons{/}: [Phil_1,1]; [1Tim_3,1] and com. on [Acts_6,1].
  
{N}196{/} The spiritual gifts, however varied they may be, come from Christ, the only head, and they must be aimed at the unity of the growing body: [Jn_17,21]; [Eph_2,18] - [Eph_2,22], [Eph_4,3], [Eph_4,12] - [Eph_4,13].

{N}20. THE SPIRIT AND CHRISTIAN SPIRITUALITY.{/}
  
{N}200{/} Christian life was formerly called {N}the way {/}([Acts_9,2], [Acts_19,9], [Acts_16,17], [Acts_18,25]; [2P_2,2]) and it was not based on special commands ([Acts_15,18]) to such an extent that Paul relates the demands of sexual morality to faith in Christ and not to any particular law ([1Cor_6,1]; [1Thes_4,2]).   
Christians of Jewish background spoke at times as if Jesus had confirmed the Law of the Old Testament ([Jas_1,25], [Jas_2,12], [Jas_4,11]), but usually they understood that the{N} new Law{/} proclaimed by Jesus (com. on [Mt_5,17]) replaced the Law of the Old Testament ([Mt_5,22], [Mt_5,28]). The{N} only command{/} of love ([Mt_22,39]) replaces the many precepts of the Law of Moses ([Mt_22,40]; [Rm_13,8]; [Gal_5,14]).
  
{N}201{/} But we are also told that Christ{N} freed us from all{/} human {N}law{/} (and not only from the Judaic Law): [Rm_7,4]; [Gal_4,5]; [Eph_2,15]. We should understand, then, that in speaking of the Law of Christ, another meaning is given to the word {N}law{/} ([Rm_2,27], [Rm_8,2]). We do not place too much value on human effort to fulfill the law ([Mk_10,21], [Mk_10,27]; [Gal_2,16], [Gal_3,5]) but we must invite everyone to allow himself to be guided by the Spirit ([Lk_10,33]; [Rm_8,14]; [Gal_5,16]) who, alone, can transform the heart ([Ezk_36,25]; [Rm_2,29]) and make the fulfillment of the Law possible ([Rm_8,4]).
  
{N}202{/} Entrance into the Church (see 192) makes us {N}new creatures{/} ([2Cor_5,17]; [Gal_6,15]; [Eph_4,24]). Recreated in the Son ([Eph_2,10]), sons and daughters of the Father ([Rm_8,15]; [Jn_1,13]), the Spirit is_already given to us in this life ([Rm_12,11]; [Gal_4,6]) as a foretaste of what definitive and holy life will be in heaven ([Rm_8,11], [Rm_8,23]; [Eph_1,14]). From now on we are in {N}communion with the Three Divine Persons{/} ([Jn_14,17]; [1Jn_1,3], [1Jn_3,21] - [1Jn_3,24], [1Jn_4,15]).
  
{N}203{/} Christian life presupposes the constant {N}cooperation of people with God {/}who acts_in each one through the Spirit. We have died to sin ([Rm_6,11]) and we must die to the works of the flesh ([Rm_8,13]). We have been renewed and we must walk along new paths ([Rm_7,6]). We have been made just and holy ([Rm_6,2]; [1Cor_6,11]) and we must walk as saints ([Rm_6,13], [Rm_6,19]; [Gal_5,25]). We were liberated ([Rm_6,14], [Rm_8,2]) but we still have to liberate ourselves ([1Cor_7,15], [1Cor_7,23]). God's love has been given to us ([Rm_5,5]; [Jn_17,26]) and we must persevere and grow in this love ([Jn_15,9]; [1Cor_16,14]; [Phil_1,9]; [1Thes_3,12]).
  
{N}204{/} The Christian's new life is energized through participation in the {N}Eucharist{/} ([Jn_6,48] - [Jn_6,58]), through {N}good{/} {N}works{/} ([Jas_2,14] - [Jas_2,28]; [1Jn_3,18]; [2Thes_1,11]; [Tit_2,14], [Tit_3,8]; [Heb_10,24]; [2P_1,10]) and through {N}prayer{/} (see 230). It is_a source of{N} happiness{/} ([Jn_16,24]; [Acts_13,52]; [Rm_14,17]; [2Cor_7,4]; [Gal_5,22]; [1Thes_1,6]; [1P_1,8]), of {N}freedom{/} ([Jn_8,32], [Jn_8,36]; [2Cor_3,17]; [Gal_5,1]; [2Tim_1,7]; [1P_2,16]) of {N}peace {/}([2Cor_13,4]; [Gal_5,22]; [Eph_6,23]), and of {N}thanksgiving{/} ([Rm_14,6]; [Eph_5,20]; [Col_3,17]; [1Thes_5,18]).
With {N}perseverance {/}([Lk_8,15], [Lk_21,19]; [Rm_2,7], [Rm_5,3]; [Col_1,11]; [Heb_10,36]; [Jas_1,4]), it produces a transformation of the whole being ([Rm_12,2]; [1Thes_5,23]), enabling one to relate to God as a son (or daughter) ([Rm_8,15] - [Rm_8,17]; [1Jn_4,17] - [1Jn_4,18]) and to be a living stone of the spiritual building ([Eph_2,22]; [1P_2,5]).
  
{N}205{/} Christian life manifests itself, above all, in three powers which we usually call {N}theological virtues{/}, which is to say, that they come from God and are oriented to him: they are faith, hope and love ([1Cor_13,13]; [Gal_5,5] - [Gal_5,6]; [Eph_1,15] - [Eph_1,16]; [Col_1,4] -[Col_1,5]; [1Thes_1,3], [1Thes_5,8]).

{N}21. FAITH AND HOPE.{/}
  
{N}210 Faith means{/}: 1) the act of faith which, in conversion, obtains for us the holiness or justice proper to a Christian (see 165);  
2) the {N}gift of faith{/} which achieves miracles: [1Cor_13,2]; [Jas_1,5]; [Mk_11,20] - [Mk_11,24] and their commentaries;  
3) the first of the theological virtues (see 205 and 211) born of the first act of_faith.
  
{N}211{/} Christian faith is _{N}submission to the word of God{/} ([Jn_12,44] - [Jn_12,46]; [Rm_10,14]; [2Tim_3,15], [2Tim_4,3]) as received from the prophets and Christ through the witness of the apostles (see 163). It accepts without adding or deleting ([Dt_4,2]; [Rev_22,18]) the entire faith ([Tit_1,13], [Tit_3,10] - [Tit_3,11]) preserved by the Church as the {N}Tradition of the Apostles{/}: [1Tim_4,6]; [2Tim_2,8], [2Tim_3,14].
  
{N}212{/} A Christian has the same faith attitude as the Old Testament believers ([Rm_4,23] - [Rm_4,25]; [Heb_11,1]). Now, however, the final words have come to us ([Heb_1,1] - [Heb_1,2]; [Jn_3,31], [Jn_4,26]) through the person who is_the Word of God ([Jn_1,1], [Jn_1,18]; [Heb_2,2] - [Heb_2,3]). See 152. In the person of Jesus, God talks to us without parables or examples ([Jn_16,25] - [Jn_16,29]).
  
{N}213{/} Faith {N}works through love {/}([Gal_5,6]) and it manifests itself in works of love ([Jas_2,14]; [1Cor_13,13]). Faith must grow ([2Cor_10,15]; [2P_3,18]) along with the knowledge of God. With love, faith is_the attitude of someone who {N}lives in the light{/} ([Rm_13,12]; [Eph_5,8]; [Col_1,12]; [1Jn_1,7], [1Jn_2,9]) and is_light for the world ([1Thes_5,5]).
  
{N}214 Hope is born of faith{/} in God's promises ([Eph_3,5] - [Eph_3,10]; [Heb_3,14], [Heb_6,11] - [Heb_6,20]; [1P_5,9]). We hope for what we do not see ([Rm_8,4]; [Heb_11,1]) and would not have dared imagine ([1Cor_2,9]; [2P_1,4]). We believe that {N}God is faithful{/} (see 40-44). We have confidence in God who can sustain us in faith and love ([Phil_2,12]; [1Thes_5,23]; [2Thes_3,3]; [1Cor_1,8]). Hope means {N}perseverance and constancy{/} in our trials (see 204, 217).
  
{N}215 Israel hoped{/} that God would give prosperity in their Land (see 42) and a Kingdom of Justice (see{N} {/}56, 62). In proclaiming the Kingdom, Jesus reminds us that our hope is_somewhat collective ([Mt_22,1]; [Lk_22,28] - [Lk_22,30]; [Mt_25,31] - [Mt_25,40]), but he also emphasizes the personal dimension of salvation ([Mt_10,28], [Mt_10,32]), as faith in the resurrection develops (see 92{N}-{/}93).
We hope to {N}share God's glory{/}. We will be like God because we will see him ([1Jn_3,2]). We will rise together ([1Cor_15,23]) to see God ([1Cor_13,12]) and form a single body in Christ ([Eph_2,16] - [Eph_2,22]). {N}Only in God{/} will we find happiness ([Mt_25,21]; [Rev_21,6]), and humanity, its end ([1Cor_15,28]; [Rev_22,1] - [Rev_22,5]). Such {N}is{/} {N}our {/}inheritance ([Lk_18,18]; [1P_1,4]).
  
{N}216{/} The Kingdom of God is_already present in the person who lives in God's grace. Thus all the events in his life, even his {N}material needs{/}, are related to this Kingdom of God and to his own progress in Christian life. Being a child of God, he expects daily bread from the Father ([Mt_6,11]) and he asks for his own needs ([Phil_4,6]) and for the needs of the world ([Lk_18,11]), knowing that God will provide him with what is_necessary so that, in his turn, he may give to others ([2Cor_9,9]).
  
{N}217{/} Waiting for the{N} coming of Christ{/} is at the very center of Christian hope ([Acts_1,11]). Coming, called parousia which means, visit ([Mt_24,27]; [1Cor_15,23]; [1Thes_3,13]; [1Jn_2,28]; [Rev_3,10]) or manifestation ([1Tim_6,14]; [2Tim_1,10]; [Tit_2,13]). This coming seemed very familiar to the early Christians ([1Thes_,13]; [Heb_10,25] - [Heb_10,27]; [1P_4,7]; [Jas_5,8]).
This waiting means a vigilant attitude ([Lk_12,32] - [Lk_12,48]; [Mt_25,1]): being awake in order not to be submerged in worldly projects and greed ([Lk_21,34]; see com. on [Mk_13,33]). It makes us {N}constant{/} and persevering in trials ([Phil_3,10]; [Rm_8,17]; see 184) and persecutions ([Heb_12,2]; [2Thes_3,5]; [Lk_21,19]; [Mt_10,22]; [Rev_2,10], [Rev_3,21]; [1P_3,14]). It brings us {N}happiness{/} even in suffering ([1P_4,18]; [Mt_5,11]). It makes us sober ([1Thes_5,8]) and {N}detached{/} ([1Cor_7,29]; [Tit_2,12];[1P_1,13]).

{N}22. LOVE.{/}
  
{N}220 Love{/} is_power {N}coming from God{/}. In God, love is_identified with the inner communion of the Three Divine Persons (see 143). God revealed himself to Moses as He Who is_and as Merciful (see 32, 39). However, after knowing Christ, John says: {N}God is{/}_{N}love{/} ([1Jn_4,8]).
  
{N}221{/} In the Old Testament {N}God's love{/} was manifested as God communicated with humans. {N}Israel{/}, seeing how God chose, guided it ([Ps_89,1] [Ps_105,1] [Ps_106,1] [Ps_107,1]]; [Is_63,7]), forgave ([Ex_32,11] - [Ex_32,14]) and redeemed it ([Is_40,41]) understood God's jealous love for his people ([Is_5,1]; [Is_54,6] - [Is_54,8]). {N}The prophets{/}, as they became aware of the ever closer relationship between themselves and God, realized God's strong love ([Ezk_3,8]; [Mic_2,8]), a tender ([1K_19,1]) and demanding ([Jer_15,10], [Jer_20,7]) love for his friends.
  
{N}222 Love for God{/} is _the {N}first command{/} for Israel ([Dt_6,1], [Dt_6,30]) and it will continue to be first for Christians ([Mk_12,28]).
  
{N}223{/} When {N}Jesus{/} came, he tried to reveal something of the unique love that {N}the Father has for his Son{/} ([Jn_3,35], [Jn_5,20], [Jn_17,24]; see 117). Jesus, in turn, responds to the Father's love with total surrender ([Mk_1,35]; [Mt_11,25]) in perfect accord with the Father's will ([Heb_10,5]; [Jn_4,34], [Jn_6,38]). He shows this divine love springing from his heart to his friends ([Jn_11,1] [Jn_13,1], [Jn_15,9] - [Jn_15,17], [Jn_18,8]), to the marginalized ([Mk_1,40]), to sinners ([Lk_7,36], [Lk_19,1]), to his very enemies ([Lk_23,22]) and to all people ([Mt_11,28]; [Acts_10,38]); that they may also understand the love the Father has for them (see 137). We {N}love Jesus{/} by keeping his Word ([Jn_14,15] - [Jn_14,23]) and by renouncing everything in order to follow him ([Mk_10,17] - [Mk_10,21]; [Lk_14,25]).
  
{N}224 In his Passion{/} and death Jesus reaches the culmination of love. Love for the Father,{N} obeying him even{/} to his death on the cross ([Mt_26,39], [Mt_27,46]; [Heb_4,15]), while the Father is _silent he cares for and forgives each person ([Lk_23,28]; [Jn_19,26]; [Lk_23,34] - [Lk_23,43]). Jesus gives everything to everyone ([Mk_10,45], [Mk_14,24]; [2Cor_5,14]).
  
{N}225 Love for others{/} is_mentioned in many Old Testament texts ([Lev_19,18]; [Dt_10,8]). However, in many places of the Law ([Ex_20,12] - [Ex_20,17]) and of the prophets ([Am_1,1] - [Am_2,1]; [Is_1,14] - [Is_1,17], [Is_10,2], [Is_65,13]; [Jer_9,2] - [Jer_9,5]; [Ezk_18,5] - [Ezk_18,9]; [Mic_3,5]), it Is_said that we cannot please God without respecting others; {N}doing them justice{/}, freeing them from oppression ([Is_58,1]) and attending to the most humble ([Ex_22,20] - [Ex_22,26], [Ex_23,4] - [Ex_23,12]; [Jer_9,4] [Jer_22,15]; [Pro_14,21]; [Sir_4,1]; [Sir_25,1]; [Wis_2,10]).
  
{N}226{/} Jesus closely relates{N} the two main commands{/} ([Mk_12,28] - [Mk_12,33]). The love for one's_neighbor is the basis of Christian morality (see 201 and 203) to the degree that it tries to imitate the love of the Father, perfect and merciful ([Mt_5,48]; [Lk_6,36]; [Eph_5,1]; 1 [Jn_4,11]) and it is_a response to the love with which God first loved us ([1Jn_3,16], [1Jn_4,10] - [1Jn_4,19]). Love is_the power which the Holy Spirit communicated to us ([Rm_5,5]) and it is_nourished by contemplating Christ's limitless love ([Eph_3,18]; [2Cor_5,14]).
  
{N}227{/} On the eve of his Passion, Jesus emphasizes love for one another as {N}his new command{/}: [Jn_13,12] - [Jn_13,15], [Jn_34,1] - [Jn_35,1], [Jn_15,9] - [Jn_15,13]; [1Jn_2,6] - [1Jn_8,1].
  
{N}228 Christian love{/} is a gift without bounds, leading us to serve one another ([Gal_5,13]). {N}It goes to all{/} without consideration of social barriers ([Mk_2,13]; [Lk_10,29], [Lk_14,13]; [Gal_3,28]). It is manifested in{N} forgiveness{/} ([Mt_5,43], commentary and references; [Mt_18,21]) and it is _not denied to enemies. It inspires us to make an effort to {N}understand{/} {N}the other{/}, to respect his ideas ([Rm_12,15] - [Rm_12,18], [Rm_14,1] - [Rm_14,10]), to bear his limitations ([1Cor_13,1]). The love, which is able to give and to receive,{N} builds up the{/} {N}Church{/} ([1Cor_8,1]; [Eph_4,16]; see 196) and leads us to perfection ([Phil_1,9]).

{N}23. PRAYER.{/}
  
{N}230{/} Throughout the Bible{N} prayer {/}is inseparable from{N} action{/}. The models of prayer are those who lead God's people. {N}Moses'{/} intercession for Israel ([Ex_17,8], [Ex_32,11], [Ex_33,12]; [Num_11,11], [Num_14,13]). Moses gives us a pattern for intercession: he reminds God of his{N} faithfulness{/}; his own honor forces him not to abandon Israel, but rather to forgive Israel. The prayer of David ([2S_7,18]), Solomon ([1K_8,22] - [1K_8,60]), Hezekiah ([2K_19,15]), Judas Maccabeus ([1Mac_5,33], [1Mac_11,71]; [2Mac_8,29], [2Mac_15,20]), Esther ([Es_4,17]), Judith ([Jdt_9,2]). {N}Penitential{/} prayer of [Ezra_9,6], Nehemiah [Ne_1,4], and Daniel ([Dn_3,26], [Dn_9,4]).
..
{N}231{/} The{N} prayer of intercession{/} is_peculiar to the prophets: their word and prayer bring about and prevent events. Thus, Abraham, called prophet because of his power of intercession: ([Gen_20,7]) praying for Sodom ([Gen_18,22]). Likewise, Elijah ([1K_18,36]), Amos [Am_7,1], Jeremiah ([Jer_10,23], [Jer_14,7], [Jer_37,3]). The prophet feels divided between compassion for his chastised people ([Jer_14,19], [Jer_8,18]; [Ex_9,8]) and zeal for God betrayed ([Jer_2,3]; [Ezk_16,1]). His prayer is a{N} confrontation{/} with God ([Num_17,6]; [Ezk_13,5], [Ezk_22,30]).
  
{N}232{/} Prayer  is also the prophets'{N} ongoing dialogue{/} with God at the very root of their call ([Ex_4,5] - [Ex_4,22], [Ex_17,4]; [Jer_12,1], [Jer_15,10], [Jer_20,7]), coming face to face with God ([Ex_33,18]; [1K_19,9]).
  
{N}233 The Psalms{/} are the prayer book of God's people. Prayer flows from the very needs of the one who implores, not asking for heavenly things, but for the concrete help needed in this precise moment. Yet, prayer is_always forgetting self in order to praise God: [Ps_47,1] [Ps_81,1], [Ps_89,1] [Ps_95,1] [Ps_98,1] [Ps_113,1] [Ps_117,1] [Ps_135,1], never forgetting that {N}one's well-being {/}is_{N}in God{/}, asking to see God and to dwell in his house ([Ps_16,23], [Ps_27,7], [Ps_63,2], [Ps_65,5], [Ps_73,24]).
  
{N}234 Jesus prays{/} ([Mk_1,35]; [Mt_11,25]; [Lk_22,32], [Lk_23,33]; [Jn_11,42]) especially before making important decisions ([Lk_3,21], [Lk_6,12], [Lk_9,18], [Lk_9,29], [Lk_23,46]; [Mk_14,36]; [Jn_8,29]). See also [Heb_5,7], [Heb_7,25]. Jesus works his miracles for those who {N}ask him with faith{/} ([Lk_7,1]; [Mk_10,46]) and who {N}persevere{/} until he attends to them ([Mt_7,24]). He tells us that this is the way to ask from the Father ([Lk_11,5] - [Lk_11,13]; [Mk_9,23], [Mk_11,22]). But he also teaches us to ask first that the {N}Father's will be done{/} ([Mt_6,10], [Mt_7,21], [Mt_12,50]; [Jn_4,34], [Jn_7,17]). He tells us what we should ask of the Father and how to ask for it: the {N}Our Father{/} ([Mt_6,9]; [Lk_11,1] and also [Mt_6,5]).
  
{N}235{/} The prayer of {N}the early Church{/}. In the Temple of the Jews ([Lk_24,5]; [Acts_3,1]; [Acts_5,12]) with hands lifted up ([1Tim_2,8]) or kneeling ([Acts_9,40]). Community prayer ([Acts_1,14]; see [Mt_18,19]) in difficult situations ([Acts_4,24], [Acts_6,6], [Acts_12,5]).
  
{N}236 Paul's letters{/} include{N} invitations to pray {/}([Eph_6,18]; [Col_1,3]; [1Thes_5,17]; [Rm_15,30]; [1Cor_7,15]; [1Tim_2,1], [1Tim_5,5]) and spontaneous {N}thanksgiving {/}([Rm_8,31], [Rm_11,33], [Rm_16,25]; [2Cor_1,3]; [Eph_1,1]). For him the prayer of intercession is a {N}struggle{/} (see 231; [Rm_16,30]; [Phil_1,30]; [Col_4,12] and com. on [Col_2,1]; see also com. on [Gen_32,23]). There is always a balance between supplication and thanksgiving ([Phil_4,6]).
  
{N}237{/} Prayer{N} in the name of Jesus{/} is fitting for one who shares Jesus' mission and allows his Spirit to guide him ([Jn_14,12] - [Jn_14,13], [Jn_16,23]). It is the perfect prayer of one who has achieved self-renunciation; it is not guided by human greed ([Jas_4,3]) but{N} inspired by the Spirit of {/}adopted{N} sons and daughters{/} ([Rm_8,15], [Rm_8,26]). This {N}prayer is{/}_addressed to the Father ([Gal_4,6]), making us desire with our whole being what the Father wants and what hastens his Kingdom. We ask for specific things ([Mt_7,11]), but in another sense it is the Holy Spirit for whom we wait ([Lk_11,13]). This prayer which is always heard brings joy ([Jn_16,24]).
  
{N}238{/} Other texts: [1P_3,7], [1P_4,7]; [Jas_1,6], [Jas_5,16]; [Rev_5,8].

{N}24. MISSION AND EVANGELIZATION.{/}
  
{N}240{/} The word{N} mission{/} means{N} being sent{/} (com. on [Mt_10,1]). Jesus is the One sent by the Father to bring the Good News to Israel ([Jn_3,17], [Jn_4,34], [Jn_6,38], [Jn_9,4], [Jn_10,36], [Jn_17,18]; [Mt_15,24]), to the poor and the afflicted ([Is_61,1]; com. on [Mt_5,1]; [Lk_7,22]). On leaving this earth Jesus sends forth the apostles ([Jn_20,21]; [Mt_28,19]; [Acts_1,8]) and authorizes them with{N} signs {/}of the Holy Spirit ([Mk_16,17]; com. on [Lk_10,1]). {N}Apostle {/}means{N} one{/} {N}sent{/} ([Lk_6,13]). After the Twelve, the Church will keep on sending apostles and missionaries (com. on [Lk_5,1]). One must be sent by the Church, just as the Twelve were sent by Christ ([Mk_3,13]; [Acts_26,16], [Acts_13,2], [Acts_19,14]).
  
{N}241{/} The missionary task is_the common work of the apostles and {N}of the{/} {N}Holy Spirit{/} ([Jn_14,26]; [Lk_24,49]; [Acts_1,4]) who will give witness together with them ([Jn_15,26]). The Spirit encourages the apostle ([1P_1,12]), the apostle's words later bring the Spirit upon his hearers. Whoever receives the apostles receives the Father and the Son ([Lk_10,16]).
  
{N}242{/} The missionaries announce the Gospel (that is the Good News). In the words of Jesus, the Good News means the{N} coming of the Kingdom of God{/} (see 110-116) and it is _accompanied by the many cures that Jesus works (com. on [Mt_9,35]; [Lk_7,22]). In the words of the apostles, the Good News means the fulfillment of God's promises to Israel ([Acts_13,32]). It is the gift of forgiveness and the gift of the Spirit ([Acts_2,38], [Acts_3,26], [Acts_10,43], [Acts_13,38]). The Good News is all about {N}the coming of{/} {N}Jesus{/} ([Mk_1,1]) which brings us peace ([Acts_10,36]; [Eph_2,14]). For Paul the Gospel is God's {N}plan of salvation{/} for all ([Rm_15,9]; [Eph_3,6]) which centers on the death and resurrection of Jesus ([1Cor_15,1]). It is a power that conquers the world ([Rm_1,16]; [Col_1,6]).
  
{N}243{/} Preaching the Gospel, when it is welcomed, brings {N}repentance{/} ([Acts_2,37] - [Acts_2,38], [Acts_3,19], [Acts_17,30], [Acts_26,20]) and{N} conversion {/}([Mt_4,17]; [Mk_12,1] and 182). People see their sinful situation in a lost world ([Acts_2,40]; [Acts_3,26]) and believe in the forgiveness God offers them through Christ ([Acts_5,31] and 160-164). This{N} conversion of the heart{/} and of the innermost being is_different from giving up only one's vices (see com. on [Lk_3,7] and [Lk_7,24]). It is the work of God ([Ezk_36,1]; [1K_18,37]; [Rm_2,4]). On the other hand, when preaching is rejected, people and societies are ruined ([Mt_11,20], [Mt_12,41]; [Mk_16,16]).
  
{N}244 To evangelize{/} is not only to announce the Gospel, but to make it Good News, which frees a person in concrete circumstances of his life (com. on [Mt_28,16]). The Gospel means a healing of the whole human person. {N}Liberation{/} from religious prejudices ([Col_2,16] - [Col_2,22]; [Gal_4,8] - [Gal_4,11]) and from social barriers ([Gal_2,11]). It brings about a renewal of the whole culture and a{N} radical{/} {N}criticism{/} of the social order ([1Cor_7,17] - [1Cor_7,24]). It leads to maturity in judgment and in relationships with others ([Eph_4,14], [Eph_4,22] - [Eph_4,32]).
  
{N}245{/} Those who announce the Gospel become{N} witnesses of Christ{/} ([Acts_1,8]; [Jn_15,27]); the faithful witness after Jesus ([Rev_1,5], [Rev_3,14]) who comes to the world to give testimony of what he has heard from the Father ([Jn_1,18], [Jn_3,11]) and of who he is _([Jn_8,13]; [1Tim_6,13]), the apostles, in their turn, give witness to him ([Jn_15,17], [Jn_20,21]). Through their testimony, it is_God who gives testimony ([1Jn_5,9]).
  
{N}246 Martyr{/}, in Greek, means witness. Someone who has suffered and given his life to remain faithful to his testimony is called a martyr ([Rev_2,13], [Rev_6,9], [Rev_11,3], [Rev_17,6]; [Mk_13,9] and com. on [Mt_10,16]). Due to the devil's hatred for the Church, there will be many martyrs ([Rev_17,6]). They are the true victors of the world ([Rev_12,11]).

{N}25. THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD, JUDGMENT AND THE RESURRECTION.{/}
  
{N}250{/} The {N}Kingdom of God{/} develops {N}in the world{/} the work of God as {N}yeast{/} ([Mt_13,33]) capable of transforming and saving it ([Jn_3,16]). Yet, this world is {N}in the power of the evil one{/} (see com. on [Jn_3,11] and [Jn_5,19]) due to Adam's fall which alienated human freedom ([Jn_8,34]; [Rm_8,18]). In his death, Jesus somehow deprived the evil one of his power ([Mt_12,29]; [Jn_12,31]). Yet, if we judge according to appearances, he (the evil one) continues to have much influence ([Mt_16,18]) and moves a powerful current opposed to truth and justice ([Jn_3,19]) and he {N}hates{/}, above all, the witnesses of Christ ([Jn_15,18]; [Mt_10,16]; [Rev_12,17]) and of his Church ([Rev_12,13]). This hostile current is at times called the world ([Jn_16,33]). At times world refers to those who do not know their vocation as sons and daughters of God ([Jn_14,19], [Jn_16,20], [Jn_17,23]; [1Cor_5,10]). See also [1Jn_2,15].
  
{N}251{/} Believers are{N} in the world without being of the world{/} ([Jn_17,15]). The Church is {N}at the service{/} of the world to bring it to its true goal ([Mk_16,15]; [Col_1,20]). It is not at the service of the world's designs ([Jas_4,4]) nor of human ideals of happiness, justice and peace, which are always limited ([Lk_12,13], [Lk_12,51]), and which forget the real situation of sinful humanity ([Mt_4,1]) and do not understand salvation through the cross ([Mt_16,23]; [Lk_24,26]; [1Cor_1,20]).
  
{N}252{/} Yet, if we pay attention to the Old Testament, we discover a {N}divine pedagogy{/}. In order for human beings to understand their divine vocation, they need to taste the goods of the earth and to{N} struggle for human ideals{/} (see com. on [Gen_13,7]; [Ex_3,16]; Introduction to [1K_1,1]; com. on [Mt_5,1]), limited ideals which God will gradually help to purify, bringing people to understand the mystery of the cross (see com. on [Lk_24,13]).
  
{N}253{/} For his own growth as well as for the good of the world, the believer {N}involves himself in the tasks of the world{/} ([Mt_25,14]; [2Thes_3,10]; [1Tim_4,3]; [Tit_3,8]; com. on [Mk_3,33]) and in so doing he{N} cooperates with{/} {N}God the Creator{/} who continues to act and to create (com. on [Gen_1,28]; [Jn_5,7]).
The Church can hope for a time of peace and the spread of the Gospel ([Rev_20,1]). Its influence will be manifest (com. on [Mt_13,31]) and all kinds of human institutions will be under its protection ([Mt_13,32]). Yet, there will be{N} persecutions{/} (see 251) as well as{N} scandals {/}within the Church ([Mt_13,47]). In opposition to the Church, the devil will favor false religions ([Rev_13,11]) and totalitarian regimes ([Rev_13,2]) and at times, will give the impression that he has won ([Rev_11,7], [Rev_13,14] - [Rev_13,17]).
  
{N}254{/} After many a crisis, the time of final confrontation will come (see 124) and the time of the {N}Antichrist{/} ([2Thes_2,3] - [2Thes_2,9]; [1Jn_1,18]) as the prelude to the coming of Christ ([Mk_13,26]) and to the Resurrection ([1Thes_5,15]; [1Cor_15]).
  
{N}255 What is our destiny{/} after death? We live only once ([Heb_9,27], [Heb_6,4] - [Heb_6,8]; [Lk_16,27]) and our eternity is determined in this one life. Some books of the Old Testament already spoke about life beyond death: 83 and 90-93.
  
{N}256{/} Our destiny is to be resurrected when Christ comes to judge the living and the dead. How shall we be after the resurrection? What kind of body and existence shall we have? See [Lk_20,27]; [1Cor_15,1] especially.
This existence above all will be sharing in the Glory of God, seeing him, loving him, being transformed into his likeness and made one spirit with him: [1Cor_6,17], [1Cor_13,13]; [1[Jn_3,2].
However this existence is _always pictured as a communitarian and happy life: [Mt_22,1] [Mt_25,1] - [Mt_25,30]; [Lk_22,30].
  
{N}257{/} Will those who die not live at all until the last day of Resurrection? This was a difficult question before Jesus came when the Jews had just come to believe in the resurrection of the dead: [Dn_12,1] - [Dn_12,5] and [Dn_12,13]. But the teaching of the New Testament is clear: [Lk_23,43]; [2Cor_5,8]; [Phil_1,23]; [1P_4,6]; [Rev_14,3].
  
{N}258{/} Scripture speaks in a figurative way of those who have definitely rejected God's love. We are used to speak of {N}hell{/}, something as final as heaven will be for the elect: [Mt_13,42]; [Mk_8,42]; [Lk_16,23]; [Rev_21,5].
  
{N}259{/} No one can approach God without having been purified of all sin and impurity. What happens to all the believers who die in the grace of God but are also filled with imperfections and human desires? It has been a constant teaching of the Church that purification takes place during death or after death: [2Mac_13,43]; [1Cor_3,15].

